Need For Training Research Articles

Epistaxis first-aid: a multi-center knowledge assessment study among medical workers.

To assess the knowledge and confidence level regarding the basic first-aid for treating epistaxis among medical staff, including nurses and physicians across various medical disciplines. The study focused three aspects of first aid management: location of digital pressure, head position and duration of pressure. The study involved 597 participants, categorized into five groups according to their specialties: emergency medicine, internal medicine, surgery, pediatrics, and community-based healthcare. A paper-based multiple-choice questionnaire assessed knowledge of managing epistaxis. Correct answers were determined from literature review and expert consensus. Most medical staff showed poor knowledge regarding the preferred site for applying digital pressure in epistaxis management. For head position, pediatricians and internal medicine physicians were most accurate (79.4% and 64.8%, respectively, p < 0.01), and nurses from the emergency department outperformed nurses from other disciplines; internal medicine, surgery, pediatrics, and community-based healthcare (61.1%, 41.5%, 43.5%, 60%, 45.6%, respectively, p < 0.05). While most medical staff were unfamiliar with the recommended duration for applying pressure on the nose, pediatricians and community clinic physicians were most accurate (47.1% and 46.0%, respectively, p < 0.01), while ER physicians were least accurate (14.9%, p < 0.01). Interestingly, a negative correlation was found between years of work experience and reported confidence level in managing epistaxis. Our findings indicate a significant lack of knowledge concerning epistaxis first-aid among medical staff, particularly physicians in emergency departments. This finding highlights the pressing need for education and training to enhance healthcare workers' knowledge in managing epistaxis.

Implementation of a multi-site neonatal simulation improvement program: a cost analysis

BackgroundTo improve patient outcomes and provider team practice, the California Perinatal Quality Care Collaborative (CPQCC) created the Simulating Success quality improvement program to assist hospitals in implementing a neonatal resuscitation training curriculum. This study aimed to examine the costs associated with the design and implementation of the Simulating Success program.MethodsFrom 2017–2020, a total of 14 sites participated in the Simulating Success program and 4 of them systematically collected resource utilization data. Using a micro-costing approach, we examined costs for the design and implementation of the program occurring at CPQCC and the 4 study sites. Data collection forms were used to track personnel time, equipment/supplies, space use, and travel (including transportation, food, and lodging). Cost analysis was conducted from the healthcare sector perspective. Costs incurred by CPQCC were allocated to participant sites and then combined with site-specific costs to estimate the mean cost per site, along with its 95% confidence interval (CI). Cost estimates were inflation-adjusted to 2022 U.S. dollars.ResultsDesigning and implementing the Simulating Success program cost $228,148.36 at CPQCC, with personnel cost accounting for the largest share (92.2%), followed by program-related travel (6.1%), equipment/supplies (1.5%), and space use (0.2%). Allocating these costs across participant sites and accounting for site-specific resource utilizations resulted in a mean cost of $39,210.69 per participant site (95% CI: $34,094.52-$44,326.86). In sensitivity analysis varying several study assumptions (e.g., number of participant sites, exclusion of design costs, and useful life span of manikins), the mean cost per site changed from $35,645.22 to $39,935.73. At all four sites, monthly cost of other neonatal resuscitation training was lower during the program implementation period (mean = $1,112.52 per site) than pre-implementation period (mean = $2,504.01 per site). In the 3 months after the Simulating Success program ended, monthly cost of neonatal resuscitation training was also lower than the pre-implementation period at two of the four sites.ConclusionsEstablishing a multi-site neonatal in situ simulation program requires investment of sufficient resources. However, such programs may have financial and non-financial benefits in the long run by offsetting the need for other neonatal resuscitation training and improving practice.

It takes a village

Digital textbooks now incorporate various technological enhancements, and offer many opportunities for learning and teaching in higher education. Despite some enthusiasm for this medium, lecturers tend not to integrate the extra activities into their courses preferring instead to simply have them available as optional extra activities for students. One reason for this barrier to use is the time and effort required to integrate technology into the curriculum in a meaningful way, and lecturers may feel they lack the necessary knowledge to do this effectively. Despite the existence of institutional support to assist educators with technology enhanced learning, the services don’t always align with what faculty want or need. As a result, there have been calls to improve staff training and professional development. This paper presents a theorised inquiry into educators’ reflections on the integration of digital textbooks using Mishra &amp; Koehler’s TPACK framework as an underpinning theory. The findings suggest the need for training and support that is individualised to instructors’ specific needs, and allows for increased collaboration between various stakeholders. It is concluded that professional development that focusses on the development of TPACK, and operates within a collaborative and context-specific learning community could support the increased uptake of digital textbooks in higher education.

Childhood Autism Spectrum Disorder: Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practice of Health Professionals in Togo

Background. Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impairments in behavior, social communication, and interaction. Objectives. To describe health staff's knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding ASD in Lomé. Methods. From January to March 2020, we conducted a multicenter, cross-sectional, descriptive, and analytical study on ASD in childhood. A survey was administered to a sample of healthcare professionals in 5 facilities in Lomé, Togo. A questionnaire assessed the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of ASD among 139 participants (pediatricians, neurologists, general practitioners, psychologists, speech therapists, and nurses). Results.The participation rate was 84.2 % (117 / 139). One hundred seven health workers (91.5 %) had heard of ASD. Inaccurate knowledge was observed: 65.4 % gave a good definition of autism, 73.2 % did not know the autistic triad, the early warning signs (64.6 %), or the age of onset (61.0 %). Only 22.0 % of staff were familiar with autism screening tools. The highest knowledge was significantly associated with being a speech therapist or pediatrician practicing in a tertiary health facility (p &lt; 0,0001). Higher-graded staff also observed better knowledge levels (p = 0, 0128). Concerning attitudes or practices regarding autistic children, 26 of those surveyed (22,2 %) had already screened for ASD, of whom 23 (88,5 %) worked with other specialties in case management. Conclusion. This study highlights inappropriate knowledge, attitudes, and practices among health staff. These findings warrant the need for good initial training on ASD, awareness campaigns, and the setting up a specialized center in Togo.

A needs assessment of Extension staff to implement inclusive programming for adults with intellectual/developmental disabilities

This study is a needs assessment of Extension staff in the state of Iowa to implement inclusive programming for individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD). Electronic surveys were completed by Extension staff on their attitudes and beliefs toward people with IDD, inclusive programming, and training needs. Results showed that Extension staff had positive views, but that staff reporting personal experience with people with IDD had more positive attitudes and beliefs (p &lt;.05). The greatest training need was instructional techniques. The study highlights the importance of direct experience in addition to knowledge-based workshops for training Extension staff to implement inclusive programming.

Partnership to tackle MH crisis for people with disabilities launched

The United Health Foundation, the philanthropic foundation of the UnitedHealth Group has awarded the nonprofit disability rights advocacy organization, The Arc of the United States, a three‐year, $2.5 million grant to improve mental health care for people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD), a news release by The Arc stated. Up to 40% of people with IDD have co‐occurring mental health conditions, and this critical funding will help address their unmet mental health needs. Currently, only 1 in 10 children and adolescents with IDD and mental health disorders receive specialized services. These statistics highlight the need for training and awareness to ensure providers and caregivers are equipped to support the mental health needs of people with disabilities. This includes expanding access to quality mental health care services, improving coordination between disability and health systems, training over 2,000 providers and caregivers to recognize mental health needs in people with IDD, and launching public awareness campaigns to counteract stigma and misconceptions. A key component of the grant is partnering with the National Council for Mental Wellbeing to adapt its evidence‐based Mental Health First Aid program with information on IDD. Over three years, the United Health Foundation grant will help train caregivers, health care professionals, first responders, educators and family members to recognize the mental health needs of people with IDD and decrease the number of mental health crisis incidents experienced by this population.

ASSESSMENT OF TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT PRACTICES ON AGENTS OF LIFE INSURANCE COMPANIES: EMPIRICAL STUDY OF RUPANDEHI DISTRICT

The motive of this research paper is to evaluate the level of satisfaction of individual agents with regard to Training and Development practices of Life Insurance companies. This is a Descriptive research based on responses 51 insurance agents. Their opinion was gathered through structured questionnaire using Purposive Sampling Method from companies of Life Insurance Corporation of Rupandehi District. After testing normality of data several inferential statistics namely Reliability test was used. To determine the relationship between the demographic factors and life insurance demand one way ANOVA and independent T-test have been conducted. Multiple Regression have been applied to test the impact of independent variable over dependent variable. The study concludes that there is no significant impact of demographic variable over the employee satisfaction of Insurance agent. The level of the satisfaction of agents with Training and Development practices of corporation is highly co-related with the status of agents. Higher status of agents is comparatively highly satisfied with regard to all the factors like Training need analysis, Training Design and Implementation and Training Evaluation. The agents who are engaged for full time in agency business are comparatively higher satisfied with all the factors. Further, there is no significant difference in their opinion in district wise with regard to satisfaction level. Key words: Agents, Satisfaction, Training and Development practices, Engagement, etc.

The Role of Healthcare Professionals in the Transition Process: A Qualitative Study of Families of Trans Children and Adolescents

The aim of this study was to explore the role that healthcare professionals, such as pediatricians, psychologists, psychiatrists and sexologists, play in supporting trans children and adolescents in their transition processes. To this end, 22 life stories written by parents of trans children and adolescents who had undergone social transition were collected, and a qualitative analysis was carried out using MAXQDA software. For this purpose, three key periods were considered in the stories: before, during and after the transition. Among other aspects, the stories highlight a major lack of understanding on the part of the professionals who should support trans children and adolescents, and their families, in their transition processes. Parents described the attitude of those professionals who actively listened to their children’s needs and were cooperative as positive, even if they do not have the necessary training. The need for specific training in diversity is one of the main conclusions of this study.

A survey of educator perspectives toward teaching harm reduction cannabis education.

Substance use is common among youth which can adversely affect youth health. Despite the legalization of cannabis in Canada and much of the United States, there is a lack of harm reduction cannabis education in schools. In addition, educators may not feel prepared to teach students about cannabis. A cross-sectional survey explored educator perceptions toward teaching harm reduction substance use education to students in grades 4-12. Data analysis included descriptive statistics to evaluate demographic variables, ANOVAs to identify subgroup differences, and inductive thematic analysis to establish themes from open-ended responses. From the sample of 170 educators, the majority were female (77%) and worked as classroom teachers (59%). Ninety-two percent of educators felt harm reduction was an effective approach to substance use education, and 84% stated that they would feel comfortable teaching cannabis harm reduction education to students. While 68% of educators believed they would be able to recognize if a student was under the influence of cannabis, only 39% felt certain about how to respond to student cannabis use, and just 8% felt that their current teacher training allowed them to intervene and prevent cannabis-related harms. Most educators (89%) expressed interest in harm reduction training, particularly interactive training (70%) and instructor-led lessons (51%). Online curriculum resources were preferred by 57%. Responses differed by gender and age group, with females of any age and educators under 40 reporting greater support of harm reduction approaches and more interest in training. Educators expressed considerable support for harm reduction substance use education, but many felt unprepared to address this topic with students. The findings identified a need for educator training on harm reduction substance use education, so that educators can help students make informed choices around substance use, thereby promoting youth health and safety.

Preservice Teachers’ Perceptions of AI in Education

This study explores the integration of generative AI tools into multiple-subject and single-subject teaching credential courses at California State University Sacramento during the Fall 2023 and Spring 2024 semesters. The study involved 210 teacher candidates per semester, most of whom had no prior experience with AI in education. Through a series of AI-focused assignments and a survey, the study investigated preservice teachers' perceptions, experiences, and concerns regarding the use of AI tools in educational settings. The assignments aimed to introduce AI tools, encourage experimentation, and facilitate discussions on the potential benefits and challenges of AI in education. The survey results revealed that a significant majority of participants (88.9%) used generative AI tools for personal learning or teaching preparation, with 92% using text generators like ChatGPT. However, opinions were mixed regarding the adoption of AI in future classrooms, with 49% in favor, 41.2% uncertain, and 9.8% opposed. Key concerns included overreliance on technology and ethical issues. The study concludes that while preservice teachers show enthusiasm for experimenting with AI tools and acknowledge their potential to enhance learning experiences, there is a need for ongoing training and support to ensure ethical and effective implementation. The findings suggest that incorporating AI assignments into the curriculum can provide valuable experiences and prepare preservice teachers for the growing role of AI in education.

Exploring the landscape of AI adoption in cosmetic medicine and surgery: Insights from the 25th IMCAS Congress (International Master Course in Aging Science).

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into cosmetic medicine promises to revolutionize the field by enhancing diagnosis, treatment planning, and patient care. This manuscript explores the current adoption and perceptions of AI among professionals in the realm of cosmetic dermatology and plastic surgery, utilizing insights from the IMCAS Congress 2024 attendees. A survey employing a digital questionnaire with 14 questions was distributed among attendees of the IMCAS Congress 2024 to evaluate their familiarity with AI, usage in clinical practice, perceived advantages, and concerns regarding data privacy and security. The survey revealed that a majority of respondents are familiar with AI's potential in cosmetic medicine, yet there is a notable discrepancy between awareness and actual application in practice. Concerns over data privacy and a pronounced need for further training were also highlighted. Despite recognizing AI's benefits in cosmetic medicine, significant barriers such as data privacy concerns and the need for more comprehensive training resources must be addressed. Enhancing education on AI-applications and developing strategies to mitigate privacy risks are imperative for leveraging AI's full potential in improving patient care and outcome in cosmetic medicine.

Создание культурно-переводческого продукта для международной коммуникации

International communication is conditioned by modern features of social and cultural context of different regional cultures in the world. The focus of the study is to apply a culture-oriented approach to translation in order for international translators to create their own cultural and translation product for effective English-language communication. The relevance of the paper is due to the need to create on a cultural basis an advanced method of designing a cultural and translation product for the adequate transfer of linguocultural units meaning, consideration of translation text hermeneutics for international communication. The research aims at describing the technology of cultural translation to create a cultural and translation product. The paper presents a three-stage system of work on its creation, features of culture-oriented translation in international communication. The research materials are the results of the Interpreters’ Club translation and research activities at the Faculty of International Relations of the Belarusian State University. Research methods are culture-oriented and organizational-activity approaches to analyze translation activities. The author presents the main results of the research in the form of the developed three stages method. She draws conclusions on the meaningful conduct of intellectual translation activities and outlines the need for special training for translators and interpreters to create their own cultural and translation product for efficient professional international communication

Integrating AI with emotional and social learning in primary education: Developing a holistic adaptive learning ecosystem

This paper highlights the significance, potential benefits, challenges, and proposed solutions associated with integrating AI-driven tools and platforms into SEL initiatives. The importance of integrating AI with SEL in primary education lies in its ability to foster the holistic development of students. By equipping students with the tools to navigate academic challenges, interpersonal relationships, and emotional regulation, schools can create dynamic learning environments that prioritize the whole child. The potential benefits of integrating AI with SEL are manifold. AI-powered adaptive learning platforms can personalize instruction, provide targeted support, and promote the development of emotional intelligence and social skills among students. Additionally, AI-driven tools and platforms can facilitate collaborative learning experiences, promote active engagement, and provide real-time feedback to students and educators. However, the integration of AI with SEL also presents various challenges that must be addressed. Ethical considerations, such as data privacy, algorithmic bias, and the digital divide, require careful attention to ensure equitable access and outcomes for all students. Additionally, educators may lack the necessary knowledge and skills to effectively utilize AI tools and platforms for SEL purposes, highlighting the need for training and professional development programs. To address these challenges, collaborative efforts among educators, policymakers, technologists, and researchers are essential. By working together, stakeholders can develop evidence-based practices and solutions that align with the goals and values of primary education. Training and professional development programs for educators, robust policies and safeguards for the ethical use of AI technologies, and equitable access to technology for all students are critical components of successful integration. Keywords: AI, Learning, Emotions, Social.

Training and Development Needs Analysis with Special Reference to Software Companies in Hyderabad

This study investigates the how to examine the importance of training and development needs analysis in enhancing the employee efficiency in the social – environment and the workplace. Training and development is the most important weapon for the workplace to know the need analysis and effectiveness. Training is focus on today’s activities of the software companies in Hyderabad, India. The 40 sample size is used. This study concludes that there is an impact of training and development need analysis on the performance of workplace. Also it recognize organization and development is focus on the future tasks and responsibilities. Training and development is one of most important tool of HRM to increase organization’s output and competencies. This research is quantitative and secondary in nature. The data was collected from the different that the ability and skills of employee is helpful for the performance of organization and this skill are come from training and development. The study results illustrate the positive correlation between variables such as Training need analysis, Training transfer and employee efficacy, Learning and Job Satisfaction of the work place of the employee. These findings are significant to design training programs as part of the continuing professional development which are essential in achieving employee efficacy and leads to the benefits to the organization.

Meeting the need for effective and standardized neonatology training: a pan-European Master's Curriculum.

Neonatology is a pediatric sub-discipline focused on providing care for newborn infants, including healthy newborns, those born prematurely, and those who present with illnesses or malformations requiring medical care. The European Training Requirements (ETR) in Neonatology provide a framework for standardized quality and recognition of equality of training throughout Europe. The latest ETR version was approved by the Union of European Medical Specialists (UEMS) in April 2021. Here, we present the curriculum of the European School of Neonatology Master of Advanced Studies (ESN MAS), which is based on the ETR in Neonatology and aims to provide a model for effective and standardized training and education in neonatal medicine. We review the history and theory that form the foundation of contemporary medical education and training, provide a literature review on best practices for medical training, pediatric training, and neonatology training specifically, including educational frameworks and evidence-based systems of evaluation. The ESN MAS Curriculum is then evaluated in light of these best practices to define its role in meeting the need for a standardized empirically supported neonatology training curriculum for physicians, and in the future for nurses, to improve the quality of neonatal care for all infants. IMPACT STATEMENT: A review of the neonatology training literature was conducted, which concluded that there is a need for standardized neonatology training across international contexts to keep pace with growth in the field and rapidly advancing technology. This article presents the European School of Neonatology Master of Advanced Studies in Neonatology, which is intended to provide a standardized training curriculum for pediatricians and nurses seeking sub-specialization in neonatology. The curriculum is evaluated in light of best practices in medical education, neonatology training, and adult learning theory.

Toward an Auditory Virtual Observatory

The large ecosystem of observations generated by major space telescope missions can be remotely analyzed using interoperable virtual observatory technologies. In this context of astronomical big data analysis, sonification has the potential of adding a complementary dimension to visualization, enhancing the accessibility of the archives, and offering an alternative strategy to be used when overlapping issues are found in purely graphical representations. This article presents a collection of sonification and musification prototypes that explore the case studies of the MILES and STELIB stellar libraries from the Spanish Virtual Observatory and the Kepler and TESS light curve databases from the Space Telescope Science Institute archive. Using automation and deep learning algorithms, it offers a “palette” of resources that could be used in future developments oriented toward an auditory virtual observatory proposal. The work includes a user study with quantitative and qualitative feedback from specialized and nonspecialized users analyzing the use of sine waves and musical instrument mappings for revealing overlapped lines in galaxy transmission spectra, confirming the need for training and prior knowledge for the correct interpretation of accurate sonifications, and providing potential guidelines to inspire future designs of widely accepted auditory representations for outreach purposes.

A qualitative exploration of the experiences of pregnant women living with obesity and accessing antenatal care.

Women are advised to optimise weight before pregnancy. However, many are either already living with overweight or obesity prior to becoming pregnant, increasing the risks for adverse outcomes. Health care professionals (HCP) are responsible for advising women of risks throughout and following pregnancy. However, midwives often find broaching the conversation around maternal obesity difficult. This study explored the experiences of pregnant women living with obesity in accessing antenatal care. Seventeen women completed a semi-structured interview. Transcripts were analysed thematically. Four themes were developed: 1) antenatal care is inconsistent, 2) additional support is needed, 3) women feel judged about their weight, and 4) weight cycling is highly prevalent. Findings suggest that pregnant women living with obesity often experience weight bias from HCPs, feel judged because of their weight and are left feeling confused and overlooked. Women reported inconsistencies in advice and care offered and acknowledged a lack of continuity of care throughout pregnancy. We call for an urgent need for further multidisciplinary training to address the concerns, experiences and needs of pregnant women living with obesity.

Abstract PO4-10-09: MBC Community Barriers and Patient Navigation Training Needs

Abstract Background Komen’s mission is to save lives by meeting the most critical needs in our communities and investing in breakthrough research to prevent and cure breast cancer. One method to achieve our mission is through patient navigation. Evidence supports the role of patient navigation in improving breast health outcomes. Patient navigators identify and address barriers to equitable cancer care delivery in a fragmented healthcare system and work to ease the burdens that patients diagnosed with breast cancer experience. As a valued member of a patient’s health care team, patient navigators contribute to improving the quality of cancer care and eliminating barriers throughout the continuum of care. However, not all breast cancer patients experience the same barriers. Metastatic breast cancer (MBC) is the most advanced stage of breast cancer, and there is some evidence that suggests those diagnosed with MBC have unique experiences and needs that often determine and/or contribute to their disease trajectory. Despite this, little in-depth systematic work has been done to understand the unique challenges faced by those diagnosed with MBC or to explore strategies to address those challenges, and there have been no known efforts to equip patient navigators to specifically address the unique barriers of those diagnosed with MBC. Methods Susan G. Komen®’s Center for Applied Research (CfAR) designed the MBC Patient Navigation Training research study to improve the health outcomes of those diagnosed with MBC through patient navigation. The study design includes 4 phases of qualitative methodology with MBC and patient navigator communities to accomplish the following objectives: Examine the needs and barriers of MBC patients (Phase 1) Identify what needs and barriers MBC patients face that can be addressed through patient navigation (Phase 2) Assess the gaps in Komen's Patient Navigation Training Programs' ability to prepare navigators across the United States to address the identified needs/barriers of MBC patients (Phase 3) Design a new module to fill the gaps in Komen's Patient Navigation Training Program to support patient navigators serving MBC communities across the U.S. (Phase 4) Participants were recruited through a grassroots approach to community engagement, with members of the study team, Komen staff, and other breast health advocates contacting individuals and organizations across the U.S. Individuals were invited to attend a virtual introductory call to meet study staff and each other before consenting to participate in the virtual focus groups. Results Participants diagnosed with MBC (n=17) attended one of four virtual focus groups held May 2023 to share their lived experiences. The focus groups were recorded, the recordings were transcribed and checked for accuracy, and study staff analyzed data using a constant comparison approach to qualitative data analysis with NVivo data management software. Those diagnosed with MBC identified challenges of their diagnosis, barriers within the healthcare system, financial toxicity, lack of support, and health inequities as factors limiting their access to care. These participants also identified the role patient navigators could serve to help address these challenges. Next Steps In Phase 2, the study team will examine to what extent patient navigators feel prepared to address the barriers of MBC communities. Based on the findings from this study, the team will identify areas where more training is needed (Phase 3) and design a training module for Komen’s Patient Navigation Training Program (Phase 4) to better prepare patient navigators across the U.S. to meet the needs of MBC communities and improve health outcomes and cancer care delivery. Citation Format: Stephanie McCoy, Kyandra Fox, Kasey Volpe, Toni Lee, Janet Okamoto, Julie McMahon, Kari Wojtanik. MBC Community Barriers and Patient Navigation Training Needs [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2023 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2023 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(9 Suppl):Abstract nr PO4-10-09.

Teaching Competence and Information and Communication Technology Integration (ICT) of Private Schools in Davao City

The study investigated the relationship between teaching competence and ICT integration among private school teachers in Davao City for the 2022-2023 school year. Employing a descriptive correlation design with 100 teacher respondents, the analysis revealed consistently high levels of teaching competence, particularly emphasizing professional development, and a high level of ICT integration, showcasing positive attitudes and effective utilization of ICT. The study underscored the significance of educators having a strong teaching foundation for a moderate positive relationship between teaching competence and ICT integration. The significant impact of professional development on ICT integration highlighted the need for ongoing training and growth opportunities for teachers, emphasizing the role of continuous learning in adapting to technological advancements. These findings highlighted the close relationship between teacher competence and successful ICT integration, underscoring the importance of professional development in creating a technology-rich learning environment. Conclusively, the findings underscored the importance of professional development in shaping effective ICT integration. These recommendations aimed to foster a collaborative and supportive environment, enhancing educators' competence and ensuring effective ICT integration. These insights provided valuable guidance for educators, policymakers, and researchers aiming to enhance teaching competence and ICT integration in private schools in Davao City.

Assessing the Need for Clinical Forensic Medicine Training in the Medical Undergraduate Curriculum

Assessing the Need for Clinical Forensic Medicine Training in the Medical Undergraduate Curriculum